Sains Malaysiana 53(5)(2024): 1021-1031
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5305-04
Integrated Geophysical Models for
Interpretations of Heterogeneous Subsurface Environments
(Model Geofizik Bersepadu untuk Tafsiran Persekitaran Bawah Permukaan Heterogen)
MUHAMMAD
TAQIUDDIN ZAKARIA1,*, NUR AZWIN ISMAIL2,
NORDIANA MOHD MUZTAZA2 & MOHD FAIZ MOHAMAD ZAKI3
1Department of Earth
Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
2School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800,
USM, Penang, Malaysia
3Faculty of Civil
Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia
Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 1 Disember 2023/Diterima: 5 April 2024
Abstract
Near-surface
characterization can be vulnerable to misinterpretation due to limited
resolution and methodological limitations. Validation from different parameters
is necessary to substantiate the results and reduce errors during
interpretations. This research aims to develop an alternative integrated method
of a 2-D cross-plot model to enhance subsurface interpretations based on the
model's criteria, resulting in better geological interpretation. Geophysical
methods such as electrical resistivity and seismic refraction are utilized in a
test model and a case study area to observe the capabilities of the integrated
method approach. The goal of this study was to cluster two or more different
parameters into a single model for a direct presentation of the subsurface
model. This includes the characterization of subsurface
properties, data integration using cross-plot analysis, and the development of
a 2-D cross-plot model. This method visually represents the relationship
between two or more attributes, allowing for the identification of anomalies.
In the test model, the lithology consists of sandy silt derived from granitic
residual soil, whereas in the case study model, it was dominated by weathered
granitic residual soil with the presence of saturated zones. The 2-D cross-plot
model provides a comprehensive interpretation where Quadrant, Q1 shows the
vulnerable zones for sliding mass bodies. The plane weakness was successfully
identified based on the cross-plot model as the weathered zone, and subsurface
features were determined. The estimated volume of mass movement was
successfully calculated for the case study area based on the determination of
the sliding plane. The integrated method of cross-plot analysis along with the
development of 2-D cross-plot models proves to be an informative approach for
subsurface characterization and enhances subsurface imaging.
Keywords:
Creep; cross-plot; resistivity; seismic refraction
Abstrak
Pencirian permukaan cetek boleh terdedah kepada salah tafsir disebabkan oleh resolusi terhad dan had metodologi. Pengesahan daripada parameter yang berbeza diperlukan untuk mengesahkan keputusan dan mengurangkan ralat semasa tafsiran. Penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan kaedah alternatif bersepadu bagi model plot-silang 2-D untuk meningkatkan tafsiran subpermukaan berdasarkan kriteria model, menghasilkan tafsiran geologi yang lebih baik. Kaedah geofizik seperti keberintangan elektrik dan seismik pembiasan digunakan dalam model ujian dan kawasan kes kajian untuk memerhatikan keupayaan pendekatan kaedah bersepadu. Matlamat kajian ini adalah untuk mengelompokkan dua atau lebih parameter berbeza ke dalam satu model untuk persembahan langsung model subpermukaan. Ini termasuk pencirian sifat subpermukaan, penyepaduan data menggunakan analisis plot-silang dan pembangunan model plot-silang 2-D. Kaedah ini secara visual mewakili hubungan antara dua atau lebih atribut, membolehkan untuk mengenal pasti anomali. Dalam model ujian, litologi terdiri daripada pasir berlodak daripada tanih baki granit manakala dalam kajian kes, ia didominasi oleh tanih baki granit terluluhawa dengan kehadiran zon tepu. Model plot-silang 2-D menyediakan tafsiran yang komprehensif dengan kuadran, Q1 menunjukkan zon terdedah untuk badan jisim gelongsor. Kelemahan satah telah berjaya dikenal pasti berdasarkan model
plot-silang sebagai zon terluluhawa dan ciri subpermukaan telah ditentukan. Anggaran isi padu pergerakan jisim berjaya dihitung untuk kawasan kes kajian berdasarkan penentuan satah gelongsor. Kaedah bersepadu analisis plot-silang bersama-sama dengan pembangunan model plot-silang 2-D terbukti sebagai pendekatan bermaklumat untuk pencirian bawah permukaan dan meningkatkan pengimejan subpermukaan.
Kata kunci: Keberintangan; plot-silang; rayapan; seismik pembiasan
RUJUKAN
Abdelrahman, K., Ibrahim, E., Qaysi, S., Mogren, S., Zaidi, F.
& Ghrefat, H. 2021. Evaluation of kinetic moduli
and soil competence scale of soil profiles in Jizan area, southwestern Saudi Arabia. Arabian Journal
of Geosciences 14: 1-19.
Austin,
O.E., Agbasi, O.E., Samuel, O. & Etuk, S.E. 2018. Cross plot analysis of rock properties
from well log data for gas detection in Soku field,
Coastal Swamp Depobelt, Niger Delta Basin. Journal
of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 3(4): 180-186.
Fat-Helbary, R.E.S., El-Faragawy,
K.O. & Hamed, A. 2019. Soil geotechnical
characteristics for seismic risk mitigation at the southern extension of Marsa Alam city, Egypt. NRIAG
Journal of Astronomy and Geophysics 8(1): 1-14.
Fisseha, S., Mewa,
G. & Haile, T. 2021. Refraction seismic complementing electrical method in
subsurface characterization for tunneling in soft
pyroclastic, (a case study). Heliyon 7(8):
1-9.
Hayashi,
K. & Konishi, C. 2010. Joint use of a
surface–wave method and a resistivity method for safety assessment of levee
systems. ASCE: Geo Florida. pp. 1340-1349.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41095(365)134
Igwe, O. 2015. The geotechnical characteristics of
landslides on the sedimentary and metamorphic terrains of South-East Nigeria, West
Africa. Geoenvironmental Disasters 2(1): 1-14.
Inazaki, T. & Hayashi, K. 2011.
Utilization of integrated geophysical surveying for the safety assessment of
levee systems. Symposium on Applications of Geophysics to Environmental and
Engineering Problems (SAGEEP), Charleston, South Carolina, 10-14 April.
Kayode, J.S., Arifin, M.H. & Nawawi, M. 2019. Characterization of a proposed quarry site
using multi-electrode electrical resistivity tomography. Sains Malaysiana 48(5): 945-963.
Loke, M.H. 2015. Tutorial 2-D and 3-D electrical imaging
surveys; Geotomo Software: Penang, Malaysia. p. 187.
Marcato, G., Mantovani,
M., Pasuto, A., Zabuski, L.
& Borgatti, L. 2012. Monitoring, numerical
modelling and hazard mitigation of themoscardo landslide (Eastern Italian Alps). Engineering Geology 128: 95-107.
Noviyanto, A., Sartohadi,
J. & Purwanto, B.H. 2020. The distribution of
soil morphological characteristics for landslide-impacted Sumbing Volcano, Central Java-Indonesia. Geoenvironmental Disasters 7(1): 1-19.
Pazzi, V., Morelli, S. & Fanti, R. 2019. A review of
the advantages and limitations of geophysical investigations in landslide
studies. International Journal of Geophysics 2019: 2983087.
Rahman,
C.A. & Mohamed, K.R. 2001. Pemetaan awalan sumber warisan geologi Negeri Kelantan. In
Geological Heritage of Malaysia (Geoheritage Mapping
and Geosite Characterization), edited by Komoo, I., Tjia, H.D. &
Leman, M.S. Kuala Lumpur: Lestari UMK.
Raj,
J.K. 2009. Geomorphology. In Geology of Peninsular Malaysia, edited by
Hutchison, C.S. & Tan, D.N.K. Kuala Lumpur: Geological Society of Malaysia.
pp. 5-29.
Tate,
R.B., Tan, D.N.K. & Ng, T.F. 2009. Geological map of Peninsular Malaysia.
In Geology of Peninsular Malaysia, edited by Hutchison, C.S. & Tan,
D.N.K. Kuala Lumpur: Geological Society of Malaysia.
Whiteley, J.S., Watlet,
A., Uhlemann, S., Wilkinson, P., Boyd, J.P., Jordan,
C., Kendall, J.M. & Chambers, J.E. 2021. Rapid characterisation of
landslide heterogeneity using unsupervised classification of electrical
resistivity and seismic refraction surveys. Engineering Geology 290:
106189.
Yalcin, A. 2007. The effects of clay on landslides: A case
study. Applied Clay Science 38(1-2): 77-85.
Yordkayhun, S. 2021. Geophysical
characterization of a sinkhole region: A study toward understanding geohazards in the karst geosites. Sains Malaysiana 50(7): 1871-1884.
Zaid,
H.A.H., Arifin, M.H., Kayode,
J.S. & Iswadi, M.B., 2023. Application of 2-D
electrical resistivity imaging, and induced polarization methods for
delineating gold mineralization at Felda Chiku 3, Kelantan, Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana 52(1): 305-320.
Zakaria, M.T., Mohd Muztaza, N., Zabidi, H., Salleh, A.N., Mahmud, N. & Rosli,
F.N. 2022. Integrated analysis of geophysical approaches for slope failure
characterization. Environmental Earth Sciences 81(10): 299.
*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: taqiuddin@ukm.edu.my
|